Contents

• List of Tables
• List of Figures
• Introduction
  • What is Operating System?
    • Functionalities in OS:
  • History of operating Systems
    • Mainframe Systems
    • Batch and Multiprogrammed Systems
    • Time Sharing
    • Personnel Computers
    • Parallel Processing Systems
    • Distributed Systems
    • Clustered Systems
    • Real-Time
    • Embedded, Smart-Card and Handheld
  • Computer Hardware Review
    • Processor
    • Main Memory
    • I/O Modules and Structure
    • System bus
    • Storage Structure and Hierarchy
    • Protection
  • Interrupts and Traps
    • Accessing OS Services
  • Operating System Components
  • Bootstrapping
  • System Structure
  • Why Study Operating Systems?
    • Problems in building OS
  
  
• Processes and Threads
  • Processes
    • The Process Model
    • Context Switch
    • Dispatcher
    • Process Creation
    • Process Termination
    • Process States
  • Threads
    • The Thread Model
    • Implementing Threads in User Space
    • Implementing Threads in the Kernel
  • Interprocess Communication
    • Race Conditions
    • Critical Regions
    • Mutual Exclusion with Busy Waiting (Software approach)
    • Sleep and wakeup
    • Semaphores
    • Monitors
  • Classical IPC Problems
    • The Dining Philosophers Problem (see Fig. 2.17)
    • The Readers and Writers Problem (see Fig. 2.19)
    • The Sleeping Barber Problem (see Fig. 2.20)
  • Scheduling
  • Introduction to Scheduling
  • Scheduling in Batch Systems
  • Scheduling in Interactive Systems
  • Policy versus Mechanism
  
  
• Deadlock
  • Resources
  • Introduction to Deadlocks
    • Conditions for Deadlock (See Fig. 3.1)
    • Deadlock Modeling (See Fig. 3.2)
  • The Ostrich Algorithm
  • Deadlock Detection and Recovery
  • Deadlock Avoidance
    • Resource Trajectories (See Fig. 3.4)
    • Safe and Unsafe States (See Fig. 3.5)
    • The Banker's Algorithm for Deadlock Avoidance
  • Deadlock Prevention
  • Summary of Deadlock strategies
  
  
• Memory Management
  • Basic Memory Management
    • Monoprogramming without Swapping or Paging (see the Fig. 4.3)
    • Multiprogramming with Fixed Partitions (see the Fig. 4.4)
    • Relocation and Protection (see the Fig. 4.5)
  • Swapping
    • Memory Management cont.
  • Virtual Memory
    • Paging (see the Fig. 4.8)
    • Page Tables (see Fig. 4.12)
    • Inverted Page Tables
    • Basic policies
    • Page Replacement Algorithms
    • Page Replacement Cont.
  • Segmentation
    • Segmentation with Paging
    • Segmentation with Paging: MULTICS
    • Segmentation with Paging: The Intel Pentium (see Fig. 4.18)
  
  
• INPUT/OUTPUT
  • Principles of I/O Hardware
    • Device Controllers (see Fig. 5.1)
    • I/O Devices
    • Characteristics (see Table 5.2) and Differences in I/O Devices
    • Evolution of the I/O Function (see Fig. 5.2)
    • Memory-Mapped I/O (see Fig. 5.3)
    • Direct Memory Access (DMA)
    • Interrupts Revisited (see Fig. 5.6)
  • Principles of I/O Software
    • Programmed I/O (see Fig. 5.7a)
    • Interrupt-Driven I/O (see Fig. 5.7b)
    • Direct Memory Access (see Fig. 5.7c)
  • Operating System Design Issues
  • I/O Software Layers (see Fig. 5.8)
    • Interrupt Handlers
    • Device Drivers (see Fig. 5.9)
    • Device Independent I/O Software(see Fig. 5.10)
    • User Level Software
  • Disks (see Fig. 5.13)
    • Disk Hardware
    • Disk Formatting
    • Disk Arm Scheduling Algorithms (see Fig. 5.18)
    • Error-Handling
  
  
• File Systems
  • Files
    • File Naming
    • File Structure; From OS's perspective
    • File Types
    • File Access
    • File Attributes(see Fig. 6.4)
    • File Operations
    • An Example Program Using File System Calls (see Fig. 6.6)
    • Memory-Mapped Files (see Fig. 6.7)
    • File Organization and Access; Programmer's Perspective
  • Directories
    • Path Names
    • File Sharing
  • File System Implementation
    • File System Layout
    • Implementing Files (see Fig. 6.13)
    • Implementing Directories
    • Shared Files (see Fig. 6.17)
    • Disk Space Management (Free space management)
    • Other file system implementation issues
  • UNIX File Management
  • vita