Joining and Detaching Threads

• Joining and Detaching Threads.
• The main program must wait for the threads to run to completion.
• ``Joining`` is one way to accomplish synchronization between threads.
• Function pthread_join which suspends execution of the calling thread until the specified thread terminates.

  
• A call to this function waits for the termination of the thread whose id is given by thread.

• A call to this function waits for the termination of the thread whose id is given by thread.

  Figure 6.7: Threads joining.

  
• On a successful call to pthread_join, the value passed to pthread_exit is returned in the location pointed to by ptr.
• On successful completion, pthread_join returns 0, else it returns an error-code.

• When a thread is created, one of its attributes defines whether it is joinable or detached.
• Only threads that are created as joinable can be joined. If a thread is created as detached, it can never be joined.
• The final draft of the POSIX standard specifies that threads should be created as joinable.
• To explicitly create a thread as joinable or detached, the attr argument in the $pthread\_create()$ routine is used.
• Detaching:
• The pthread_detach() routine can be used to explicitly detach a thread even though it was created as joinable.
• If a thread requires joining, consider explicitly creating it as joinable (portability).
• If you know in advance that a thread will never need to join with another thread, consider creating it in a detached state (resources).

• Reentrant functions are those that can be safely called when another instance has been suspended in the middle of its invocation.
• All thread functions must be reentrant because a thread can be preempted in the middle of its execution.
• If another thread starts executing the same function at this point, a non-reentrant function might not work as desired.