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- PHY102 Physics II © Dr.Cem Özdoğan
- 27-5 Other Single-Loop Circuits, Internal Resistance
- (a) Vbatt < 12V (walking with current voltage drop –ir
- (b) Vbatt > 12V (walking against current voltage increase +ir
- (c) Vbatt = 12V (no current and so ir=0)