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• October 5, 2021

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• PHY102 Physics II © Dr.Cem Özdoğan

• Gauss’ Law: General Case

• Consider any ARBITRARY CLOSED surface S -- NOTE: this does NOT have to be a “real” physical object!

• S

• (One of Maxwell’s 4 equations!)

• 23-3 Electric Flux

• The TOTAL ELECTRIC FLUX through S is proportional to the TOTAL CHARGE ENCLOSED!

• The results of a complicated integral is a very simple formula: it avoids long calculations!

• simplifications